Watercress and influence on the Epigenome

DNA contains the genetic code of organisms, like a recipe book, that holds the instructions for making all the proteins in our bodies. The DNA molecule itself contains a huge amount of information absolutely critical in the context of maintaining health and consequently preventing disease development.

Why is the epigenome important?

The Epigenome is made up of chemical compounds and proteins that are attached to the DNA and control actions such as turning genes on or off thereby  controlling production of proteins. Such specialized processes are implicated in disease states and are major targets in drug development by pharmaceutical companies.

How does watercress affect the epigenome?

Allium rich vegetables (such as garlic and onions) and polyphenol rich vegetables (such as spinach, carrots and tomatoes) may influence gene expression. The cruciferous vegetables (e.g. broccoli, kale, cabbage, watercress) are rich in epigenetically active compounds like isothiocyanates. Watercress is a particularly rich source of isothiocyanates (ITCs), and the one specifically abundant is called phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). Ongoing research continues to explore the biological activity of PEITC and other phytochemicals in watercress, helping scientists learn more about their effects on gene regulation and cell function. Effects are mostly observed in vitro, in animal models, or in small human trials; but the dietary impact on epigenetics in humans is an active area of research.